Another shutdown for parts of the federal government is expected this weekend as lawmakers debate new restrictions on President Donald Trump’s immigration enforcement.

Funding for the Department of Homeland Security is set to expire Saturday. Democrats said they won’t help approve more funding until new restrictions are placed on federal immigration operations after the fatal shooting of Alex Pretti and Renee Good in Minneapolis last month.

The White House has been negotiating with the Democrats, but the two sides failed to reach a deal by the end of the week, guaranteeing that funding for the department will lapse.

Unlike the record 43-day shutdown last fall, the closures will be narrowly confined, as only agencies under the DHS umbrella — like Immigration and Customs Enforcement and Customs and Border Protection — will be affected. Still, depending on how long the shutdown lasts, some federal workers could begin to miss paychecks.

Services like airport screening could also suffer if the shutdown drags on for weeks.

At the Transportation Security Administration, about 95% of employees are deemed essential. They will continue to scan passengers and their bags at the nation’s commercial airports. But they will work without pay until the funding lapse is resolved, raising the possibility that workers will begin calling out or taking unscheduled leave. Many TSA workers already faced financial stress last year.

“Some are just now recovering from the financial impact of the 43-day shutdown” said Ha Nguyen McNeill, a senior official performing the duties of TSA administrator. “Many are still reeling from it.”

Why is a Homeland Security shutdown happening?

Essentially, it’s because Trump acquiesced to Democrats’ request that Homeland Security funding be stripped from a broader spending package to allow more time for negotiation over demands for changes to immigration enforcement, like a code of conduct for federal agents and a requirement that officers show identification. Homeland Security was temporarily funded only through Feb. 13.

“As mayors, we know our most solemn responsibility is to keep our residents safe,” said Denver Mayor Mike Johnston in a statement. “It shouldn’t be too much to ask ICE to abide by the same standards we expect of our own police officers. Congress should withhold funding until ICE agrees to remove masks, wear body cameras, revise its policies, and behave like an actual law enforcement agency with real accountability in place.”

The rest of the federal government is funded through Sept. 30. That means most federal programs are unaffected by the latest shutdown, including food assistance, and pay for most federal workers and for service members will continue uninterrupted.

What agencies are impacted?

The funding lapse affects the Department of Homeland Security and its constellation of agencies, including U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, the Secret Service and the Federal Emergency Management Agency.

The vast majority of employees at the Secret Service and U.S. Coast Guard will continue their work, though they could also miss paychecks depending upon the shutdown’s length.

At the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the shutdown will disrupt the agency’s ability to reimburse states for disaster relief costs. Some workers will be furloughed, limiting the agency’s ability to coordinate with state and local partners, and training for first responders at the National Disaster and Emergency Management University in Maryland will be disrupted.

“FEMA’s Disaster Relief Fund has sufficient balances to continue emergency response activities for the foreseeable future, and lifesaving and life sustaining activities are an excepted activity under DHS’s lapse plan,” Gregg Phillips an associate administrator at FEMA said in testimony before a House Appropriations Committee. “That said, if a catastrophic disaster occurred, the Disaster Relief Fund would be seriously strained.”

Republicans have pointed out that the work of ICE and CBP will mostly continue unabated during a shutdown, despite Democratic demands for changes at those agencies.

That’s because Trump’s tax and spending cut bill passed by Republicans last year provided ICE with about $75 billion and CBP with about $65 billion, money those agencies can continue to tap for Trump’s deportation operations.

What is the impact on workers and air travel?

It’s up to each federal agency to designate which of its employees are “essential” or “excepted,” both of which mean the same thing in this case. They keep working during a shutdown, typically without getting paid until government funding is back in place.

Some examples of “essential” employees are military personnel, security screeners at airports and law enforcement officers. There can be a wide range, from positions deemed critical for public safety to those authorized by law to continue even without new funding.

Most of the more than 270,000 people employed by Homeland Security are deemed essential, meaning that they stay on the job even during a shutdown. For the fall 2025 shutdown, more than 258,000 DHS employees were in that category, and about 22,000 — or 5% of the agency’s total employee base — were furloughed.

Lawmakers have been particularly concerned about the potential impact on the TSA and airports.

Senate Republican Leader John Thune has warned that “there’s a very good chance we could see more travel problems” similar to last year’s shutdown. As staffing shortages grow, airports may reduce the number of open security lanes or close checkpoints altogether to relieve pressure on an already strained workforce.

Travel organizations are also concerned, calling for the government to settle the matter quickly to prevent travel delays.

“As yet another government shutdown looms, so does one of the busiest travel times of the year — spring break,” U.S. Travel, Airlines for America, and the American Hotel & Lodging Association said in a joint statement on Friday. “Travelers and the U.S. economy cannot afford to have essential TSA personnel working without pay, which increases the risk of unscheduled absences and call outs, and ultimately can lead to higher wait times and missed or delayed flights.”

“With the United States hosting the 2026 FIFA World Cup in June of this year, TSA does not have the luxury of time to prepare for the influx of passengers and international travelers,” TSA Official Ha Nguyen McNeill, stated Wednesday at the House Appropriations Committee hearing. “A lack of funding and predictability will pose significant challenges to our ability to deliver transportation security for the American public with the level of excellence we expect, and the American taxpayer deserves.

A spokesperson for Denver International Airport told The Denver Gazette that the airport is “unable to speculate how a potential lapse in funding might impact operations.”

However, during previous lapses, TSA workers still reported to work.

“We remain in close contact with our federal partners to fully understand any potential impact and stand ready, as always, to assist passengers navigating the airport,” the spokesperson said. “We will also be ready to manage lines outside both of our security checkpoints as needed.”

During last year’s lapse in funding, unpaid TSA workers increasingly called in sick or stayed home as missed paychecks made it harder for workers to cover basic expenses.

“The longer the shutdown goes on, the more severe the impact on our TSA workforce,” the agency said at the time.