The state of Colorado has a rich history when it comes to mining claims and the Wild West, but human presence in the area dates back long before that.

Here’s a look at several Native American tribes that have had a presence in the Centennial State:

1. Southern Ute Indian Tribe

The Ute people are known as Colorado’s oldest residents, having lived in the Centennial State’s mountains and vast areas since the beginning of time, according to their tribal history (which is passed down from generation to generation). According to Colorado Encyclopedia, the Ute people are believed to have migrated to Colorado about 1,000 years ago.

Today, the Southern Ute Indian Tribe has approximately 1,400 tribal members, and the Southern Ute Reservation is situated on a 1,064-square-mile (681,000 acres) area. The Tribal administration is located in Ignacio, Colorado. Find more information on the Tribe’s website.

2. Ute Mountain Ute Tribe

This band of the Ute Nation of Indians lived on the land along the western flank of the Rocky Mountains. Their land extended north of the San Juan River in New Mexico and Utah to the San Miguel River in Colorado. Their headquarters is now located in Towaoc, which is a census-designated area in southwest Colorado.

3. Arapaho Tribe

The land that Denver now sits on first belonged to the Arapaho tribe, as stated in the 1851 Treaty of Fort Laramie. White settlers came to the area when gold was discovered in the late 1850s, and began asserting their right to the land. This led to the Treaty of Fort Wise in 1861 and some tribal leaders giving up land. Hundreds of Arapaho and Cheyenne people were killed in the Sand Creek Massacre in 1864, and the nations were soon relocated out of Colorado.

4. Apache Tribe

The Apache historically lived in high mountains, sheltered and watered valleys, deep canyons, and deserts, according to the blog Native Hope. This land is now Eastern Arizona, Northern Mexico, New Mexico, West Texas, and Southern Colorado.

5. Shoshone Tribe

Members of this tribe now live on the Wind River Reservation in Wyoming, but the Shoshone once inhabited an area that included parts of Utah, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado.